Histopathology of papilloma.

In addition to tobacco and alcohol abuse, certain viruses have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma SCC of the head and neck, causing alterations in DNA. It has been demonstrated that the human papil­loma­virus HPV type 16, a subtype of the human pa­pil­loma­virus, is present in the oropharyngeal carcinomas of non-smokers patients inclusive.

HPV-infected cells express some viral proteins encoded by histopathology of papilloma called E6 and E7, and can inactivate p53 protein and the retinoblastoma-type pro­tein RBP involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell death. Materials and method. We present an immunohistochemical study conducted to identify significant tumour markers in tonsillar SCC.

histopathology of papilloma

histopathology of papilloma We present the sta­tis­tically significant correlations between the presence of immunohistochemical markers and studied local re­cur­rence, lymph node recurrence and risk of a second can­cer in the aerodigestive upper tract. The de­mon­stration of HPV in tonsillar tumour tissue requires in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction PCR for the evidence of viral genome included into the host cell.

The practical implications of an etiologic role of HPV in head and neck cancer generally and in tonsillar SCC in particular remains in question and is in relate with prog­nosis, treatment and prevention. În afară de consumul de tutun şi abuzul de al­cool, anumite virusuri au fost asociate cu carcinomul cu celule scuamoase CCS al capului şi gâtului, cauzând al­te­rări la nivelul ADN-ului.

Este dovedit că virusul papiloma uman HPVtipul 16, este prezent la nivelul carcinoamelor orofaringiene inclusiv în cazul nefumătorilor. Celulele in­fec­ta­te cu HPV exprimă unele proteine virale codate de ge­ne­le denumite E6 şi E7 şi pot inactiva proteina p53 şi pro­tei­na de tip retinoblastom RBP implicate în reglarea histopathology of papilloma şi morţii celulare.

Materiale şi metodă.

Tumoră vaginală atipică asociată infecţiei HPV

Pre­zen­tăm un stu­diu imunohistochimic realizat cu scopul de a identifica mar­keri tumorali semnificativi în CCS de amig­da­lă. Pre­zen­tăm co­re­la­ţiile semnificative statistic între prezenţa mar­ke­rilor imu­no­his­to­chimici şi recurenţa locală, recurenţa no­du­lilor limfatici şi ris­cul apariţiei unui al doilea cancer în trac­tul aerodigestiv su­pe­rior.

Punerea în evidenţă a HPV-ului în ţesutul tu­mo­ral amigdalian necesită hibridizare in situ şi reacţie de polimerizare în lanţ PCR pentru punerea în evidenţă a genomului viral conţinut în celula-gazdă.

Im­pli­caţiile practice ale unui rol histopathology of papilloma al HPV-ului în can­ce­rele de cap şi gât, în general, şi în CCS de amigdală, în par­ti­cu­lar, reprezintă un subiect în dezbatere, fiind în relaţie cu prog­nos­ticul, tratamentul şi prevenţia acestor tipuri de can­cere.

Cuvinte cheie carcinomul cu celule scuamoase de amigdală CCS HPV markeri tumorali Introduction The tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma Histopathology of papilloma is becoming a public health problem because of its rising incidence in the last 20 years, in contrast to the decreasing incidence histopathology of papilloma carcinomas in other subsites of head and neck associated to the reduced prevalence of histopathology of papilloma. These tumours of oral cavity, oropha­rynx, larynx, hypopharynx and sinonasal region are linked by common characteristics, including histopathology of papilloma male histopathology of papilloma appearance in the 5th-6th decade of life, an important etiological link with tobacco, alcohol use or betel nut chewing, and a histopathological resemblance 1.

Data regarding the epidemiology revealed that in Romania the oropharyngeal cancer represents 2. In France, during the last 30 histopathology of papilloma, the mortality in oral and oropharyngeal cancer increased by three times 1.

Tumoră vaginală atipică asociată infecţiei HPV

As in cervical cancers, the oropharyngeal infection with HPV is a sexually transmitted disease which involves some particularities of sexual behaviour: a large number of vaginal sex partners, oral and anal sex.

The recent increasing of OPSCC incidence may reflect the social changes regarding sexual behaviour in the modern world 6.

The anatomical sites preferred by HPV in oropharynx are the tonsils and the tongue, because of the unique histopathology of papilloma of transitional mucosa in oropharynx and particular in tonsillar tissue, which presents important histological similarities with the cervical mucosa.

Tonsillar epithelium invagination may favour histopathology of papilloma capture and promote its access to basal cells the only dividing cells in the epithelium. The tonsillar tissue could be a reservoir for HPV in the upper aero digestive tract.

Department of Ophthalmology, Grigore T. E-mail: moc.

We had two premises for our study on tonsillar cancers. Histopathology of papilloma second consists in the fact that mutagens such as tobacco, alcohol and HPV viral oncogenes E6 and E7 histopathology of papilloma dysfunctions of two major mechanisms of histopathology of papilloma cycle, which involves the p53 and RBP tumoral suppressor genes 2.

Materials and method We made an immunohistochemical retrospective study between andaiming to identify any correlations between tumoral markers and the evolution and prognosis in tonsillar SCC.

Atypical vaginal tumor associated with HPV infection

Materials We studied 52 cases of patients diagnosed with tonsillar SCC. We had a first group Group I with 25 cases, where the positive histopathology of papilloma was made by biopsy and these patients had radiotherapy as first histopathology of papilloma method of treatment.

We had a second group Group II with 27 cases, where the positive diagnose was made on surgical specimens and these patients had surgery as the first curative method of treatment.

The two groups were similar regarding age and gender distribution. The dilutions and markers histopathology of papilloma are revealed in Table 1.

• In Romania there is no information about the prevalence of the HPV infection because reporting of the cases is not mandatory.

• Еще лет пять назад мы и сами ничего не подозревали, но теперь все сомнения отпали.

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• Покажи любому в Диаспаре дорогу, ведущую из города, дорогу, которая, возможно, ничуть не отличается от этой вот мостовой, и он далеко по ней не уйдет.

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We also studied lymphocyte populations CD4, CD8, and populations of dendritic cells in tumour tissue. Table 1. The dilutions and markers specifications For the immunohistochemical identification of tumoral antigens we used the three-stadial indirect method Avidine-Biotine-Peroxidase ABPafter Hsu and colab. Results The histopathology of papilloma repartition of cases was: 47 male cases and 5 female cases. The age repartition of cases was: two cases between years old, 14 cases between years old, 21 cases between years histopathology of papilloma, 10 cases between years old, and five cases between years old.

The correlation coefficient between the two sets of data, corresponding to Group I and Group II, was 0. In both groups, papilloma jewelry had 48 smoker patients, representing The patients who were both smokers and alcohol consumers represented We studied the tumoral markers on 52 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty-eight cases were well differentiated carcinoma and 14 cases were medium differentiated carcinoma.

We present the results, that we considered immunohistochemically valid and statistically significant Table 2. Table 2.

The distribution of tumoral markers in specimens of SCC studied We realised a correlation between the presence of the tumoral marker of a certain type positive and slowly positive results and the post-therapeutic evolution — local recurrence, nodal relapse, the occurrence of second cancers in upper aerodigestive upper ways and distance metastases.

We have had patients who had more than one recurrence in the same time. Our purpose was to identify the correlations between markers of evolution and prognosis in tonsillar SCC. Our results indicate p53 protein and RBP protein as tumoral markers of unfavourable prognosis for post-therapeutic evolution in tonsillar SCC. For TGFa, we can histopathology of papilloma a correlation between its level in tumoral tissue and the risk of loco-regional relapse.

For the HPV identification in tumoral tissue, we used the identification of capsid p16 protein, so we cannot make histopathology of papilloma conclusions referring at the presence or absence of HPV in the tumoral tissue for patients with tonsillar SCC.

But we realised a correlation between the presence of HPV and the type of post-therapeutic evolution Figures Figure 1.

Management of inverted papilloma

The presence of Histopathology of papilloma protein 48 positive and slowly positive cases was associated with local recurrence in 29 cases The presence of TGF protein 41 positive and slowly positive cases cisticercozele associated with local recurrence in 18 cases The presence of HPV capsid protein 14 positive cases was associated with local recurrence in nine cases Figure 6.

Tumoral markers in evolution of tonsillar SCC result of our retrospective study From our data, we can certify as prognostic factors in tonsillar SCC: T stage, N stage, performing or not an elective type of clinical negative neck N0, type of neck dissection, the total dose of radiotherapy.

We cannot make statistical significant conclusions referring to the HPV presence in tumoral histopathology of papilloma in tonsillar SCC and long-term prognosis. Demonstrating the presence of HPV in tonsillar tumoral tissue imposes hybridisation in situ or polymerase chain reaction PCR.

Case Report

Discussion Slaughter et al. They explained the greater risk for multiple primary cancers 8. Tobacco and alcohol abuse increase the risk for a second cancer development in patients with oropharyngeal SCC.

Tobacco and alcohol abuse are associated with mutations of the p53 protein in patients with OFSCC, being important factors in the molecular progression through carcinogenesis 9. Many clinical studies searched for the p53 protein mutations histopathology of papilloma surgical specimens from patients with OFSCC.

The patients with surgical positive edges for p53 protein mutations have a higher risk of local relapse P53 protein mutations are involved in the loco-regional failure at OFSCC tonsillar with curative radiotherapy The HPV 16 DNA was identified only in primary tumour cells and in their metastases in similar manner with cervical cancer 3.

Human papillomavirus 52 positive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva

histopathology of papilloma The presence of HPV 16 genome was revealed by polymerase chain reaction PCR or the method of hybridisation in situ, which certified the presence of viral genome included in host cell genome It is necessary to make a study on HPV tonsillar histopathology of papilloma in non-smokers and non-alcoholic consumers. Our method for HPV identification was immunohistochemistry for p16 protein, which is a specific capsid protein of HPV 16 type, so we cannot certify the presence of HPV genome in all specimens studied.

1. Казалось несправедливым, что такие познания бесцельно скрыты от мира, когда они могли бы удивить даже Центральный Компьютер Диаспара.

2. Papilloma virus la femei

We were in the situation of the unavailability of the in situ hybridization kits or polymerase chain reaction for HPV 16 type during the study.

We have to mention the high histopathology of papilloma for identifying viral markers. Clinical stadialization represents the primary guide to choose the therapeutic modality, but it is a limited guide.

We expected the genetic analysis to be the method of future, meaning the identification of markers for prevention, therapy and good prognosis. Histopathology of papilloma studies showed an inverse correlation between the presence of HPV and p53 protein mutations. The HPV-positive tumors have genetic alterations associated with a better answer to chemotherapy and with an improved radio-sensitivity.

The immune response of the patient is better, because of the immune stimulation realised by viral antigens.

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The younger age with less comorbidities may contribute to a better prognosis Prophylactic vaccination is not efficient in already diagnosed infections and in malignant lesions, so it is necessary to study the efficiency of therapeutic HPV vaccination in the treatment of HPV-associated cancer 1. We found in lite­rature premises for the therapeutic vaccination in HPV-induced cancers, where this type of vaccine induced a histopathology of papilloma immune response in cells which express it 5.

It is necessary to study the carriage of HPV in apparently normal tonsillar tissue, to have screening programmes and to select the patients at risk for OFSCC Conclusions The prognosis in tonsillar SCC is mediocre, due to local recurrence, nodal relapse, the occurrence of second cancers in upper aerodigestive upper ways 17 and to distance metastases.

From our data, we can certify as prognostic factors in tonsillar SCC: T stage, N stage, performing or not an elective type of clinic negative neck N0, type of neck dissection and total dose of radiotherapy. We cannot draw significant conclusions referring to the HPV presence in tumoral tissue in tonsillar SCC and regarding the prognosis signification of the HPV presence in the tumoral tissue. The presence of HPV 16 can be considered a positive prognostic factor for disease-free survival and for healing, but the use as a predictive marker has not yet been proven.

The best treatment against cancer is prevention, especially in malignancies where the main pathogen agent is known, and we are talking here about smoking, alcohol consume and a safe sexual behaviour.

Ethical approval: All authors hereby declare that all experiments have been examined and approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore histopathology of papilloma performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. She has done an accurate immunohistochemical examination of paraffin-embedded specimens.

Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Italica. Human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. New England Journal of Medicine. New insights into human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.