Papillomavirus as the cause of diseases classified to other chapters. (PDF) Vaginal cancers and human papilloma virus

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About 6 million pa- tients with cancer die every year worldwide. In recent years, the rate of cancer detection has raised up because of progression in diagnostic technologies 1.

Gynecological malignancy involving vaginal cancer is uncommon papillomavirus as the cause of diseases classified to other chapters the most victims are reported from developing countries 2.

There are different risk factors including smoking, poor hygiene, high parity, intimating with several sexual partners, in utero exposed diethylstilbestrol, immu- nodeficiency, genital warts and sexually transmitted Human Papilloma Virus HPV that predispose vaginal cancer.

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The condom does not prevent the transmis- sion of HPVs; because the HPVs are able to transmit throughout genital skin to skin contact. The HPV not only in women but also in men may cause genital cancers.

What is HPV? (Human Papillomavirus)

The virus is ubiquitous and can be isolated from different human races and animals 9. The earlier recognition of vaginal cancer was introduced in by Meigs and Graham. However, the illustration of primary vaginal cancer was achieved by Cruveilhier in 19th century.

This type of cancer is often known as papillomavirus as the cause of diseases classified to other chapters secondary gynecological disease which may occur in the consequence of metastasis from cancerous anus, cervix, colon, endometrium, ovary, rectum and vulva in women. Thus, the primary form of vaginal cancer is rare 6,10, There are different types of primary vaginal cancers Table 1 The previous reports show that squamous cell carci- noma ranks as the most prevalent vaginal cancer with the percentage of about The majority of squamous cell carcinoma is in association with HPV 6.

According to some recent studies, the HPV infection may also increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The average age of mortality for patients with vaginal cancer is recorded about 65 years old 6, There is a direct associa- tion between HPV and cervico-vaginal cancer. In utero contact diethylstilbestrol is the predominant cause of vaginal cancers of melanoma and adenocarcinoma 3,6, HPV family includes more than carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic types.

HPVs have positive tropism to human mucosal and moist membranes and skin. The low risk carcinogenic types of HPVs are important causative agent for viral warts such as genital warts Table 2 3,9, The aim of this article is to review the subtitle of vaginal cancer staging, epidemiology of HPV vaginal cancers, viral characteristics and pathogenesis of HPV vaginal cancers, clinical demonstrations of HPV vaginal cancers diagnosis, treatment and prevention.