Human papillomavirus case study
In addition to tobacco and alcohol abuse, certain viruses have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma SCC of the head and neck, causing alterations in DNA.
It has been demonstrated that the human papillomavirus HPV type 16, a subtype of the human papillomavirus, is present in the oropharyngeal carcinomas of non-smokers patients inclusive. HPV-infected cells express some viral proteins encoded by genes called E6 and E7, and can inactivate p53 protein and human papillomavirus case study retinoblastoma-type protein RBP involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell death.
Materials and method. We present an immunohistochemical study conducted to identify significant tumour markers in tonsillar SCC. We human papillomavirus case study the statistically significant correlations between the human papillomavirus case study of human papillomavirus case study markers and studied local recurrence, lymph node recurrence and risk of a second cancer in the aerodigestive upper tract. The demonstration of HPV in tonsillar tumour tissue requires in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction PCR for the evidence of viral genome included into the host cell.
The practical implications of an etiologic role of HPV in head and neck cancer generally and in tonsillar SCC in particular remains in question and is in relate with prognosis, treatment and prevention. În afară de consumul de tutun şi abuzul de alcool, anumite virusuri au fost asociate cu carcinomul cu celule scuamoase CCS al capului şi gâtului, cauzând alterări la nivelul ADN-ului.
Este dovedit că virusul papiloma uman Human papillomavirus case study 16, este prezent la nivelul carcinoamelor orofaringiene inclusiv în cazul nefumătorilor.
Celulele infectate cu HPV exprimă unele proteine virale codate de genele denumite E6 şi E7 şi pot inactiva proteina p53 şi proteina de tip retinoblastom RBP implicate în reglarea proliferării şi morţii celulare. Materiale şi metodă. Prezentăm un studiu imunohistochimic realizat cu scopul de a identifica markeri tumorali semnificativi în CCS de amigdală.
Prezentăm corelaţiile semnificative statistic între prezenţa markerilor imunohistochimici şi recurenţa locală, recurenţa nodulilor limfatici şi riscul apariţiei unui al doilea cancer în tractul aerodigestiv superior. Punerea în evidenţă human papillomavirus case study HPV-ului în ţesutul tumoral amigdalian necesită hibridizare in situ şi reacţie de polimerizare în lanţ PCR pentru punerea în evidenţă a genomului viral conţinut în celula-gazdă.
Implicaţiile practice ale unui rol etiologic al HPV-ului în cancerele de cap şi gât, în general, şi în CCS de amigdală, în particular, reprezintă un subiect în dezbatere, fiind în relaţie cu prognosticul, tratamentul şi prevenţia acestor tipuri de cancere.
Cuvinte cheie carcinomul cu celule scuamoase de amigdală CCS HPV markeri tumorali Introduction The tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma SCC is becoming a public health problem because of its rising incidence in the last 20 years, in contrast to the decreasing incidence of carcinomas in other subsites of head and neck associated to the reduced prevalence of smoking.
These tumours of oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and sinonasal region are linked by common characteristics, including a male predominant appearance human papillomavirus case study the 5th-6th decade of life, an papillomavirus verrue homme etiological link with tobacco, alcohol use or betel nut chewing, and a histopathological resemblance 1.
Data regarding the epidemiology revealed that in Romania the oropharyngeal cancer represents 2. In France, during the last 30 years, the mortality in oral and oropharyngeal cancer increased by three times 1.
Case Report
As in cervical cancers, the oropharyngeal infection with HPV is a sexually transmitted disease which involves some particularities of sexual behaviour: human papillomavirus case study large number of vaginal sex partners, oral and anal sex. The recent increasing of OPSCC incidence may reflect the social changes regarding sexual behaviour in the modern world 6. The anatomical sites preferred by HPV in oropharynx are the tonsils and the tongue, because of the unique presence of transitional mucosa in oropharynx and particular in tonsillar tissue, which presents important histological similarities with the cervical mucosa.
Tonsillar epithelium invagination may favour virus capture and promote its access to basal cells the only dividing cells human papillomavirus case study the epithelium.
Human papillomavirus 52 positive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva
The tonsillar tissue could be a reservoir human papillomavirus case study HPV human papillomavirus case study the upper aero digestive tract. We had two premises for our study on tonsillar cancers. The second consists in the fact that mutagens such as tobacco, alcohol and HPV viral oncogenes E6 and E7 induce dysfunctions of two major mechanisms of cellular cycle, which involves the p53 and RBP tumoral suppressor genes 2.
Materials and method We made an immunohistochemical retrospective study between andaiming to identify any correlations between tumoral markers and the evolution and prognosis in tonsillar SCC. Materials We studied 52 cases of patients diagnosed with tonsillar SCC. We had a first group Group I with 25 cases, where the positive diagnose was made by biopsy and these patients had radiotherapy as first curative method of treatment. We had a second group Group II with 27 cases, where the positive diagnose was made on surgical specimens and these patients had surgery as the first curative method of treatment.
The two groups were similar regarding age and gender distribution. The dilutions and markers specifications are revealed in Table 1.
We also studied lymphocyte populations CD4, CD8, and human papillomavirus vaccine diagnosis of dendritic cells in tumour tissue. Table 1.
The dilutions and markers specifications For the immunohistochemical identification of tumoral antigens we used the three-stadial indirect method Avidine-Biotine-Peroxidase ABPafter Hsu and colab. Results The gender repartition of cases was: 47 male cases and 5 female cases. The age repartition of cases was: two cases between years old, 14 cases between years old, 21 cases between years old, 10 cases between years old, and five human papillomavirus case study between years old.
The correlation coefficient between the two sets of data, corresponding to Group I and Group Vestibular papillomatosis cryotherapy, was 0. In both groups, we had 48 smoker patients, representing The patients who were both smokers and alcohol consumers represented We studied the tumoral markers on 52 cases of squamous cell carcinoma.
Thirty-eight cases were well differentiated carcinoma and 14 cases were medium differentiated carcinoma. We present the results, that we considered immunohistochemically valid and statistically significant Table 2.
Table 2. The distribution of tumoral markers in specimens of SCC studied We realised a correlation between the presence of the tumoral marker of a certain type positive and slowly positive results and the post-therapeutic evolution — local recurrence, nodal relapse, the occurrence of second cancers in upper aerodigestive upper ways and distance metastases. We have had patients who had more than one recurrence in the same time.
Our purpose was to identify the correlations between markers of evolution and prognosis in tonsillar SCC. Our results indicate p53 protein and RBP protein as tumoral markers of unfavourable prognosis for post-therapeutic evolution in tonsillar SCC.
For TGFa, we can make a correlation between its level in tumoral tissue and human papillomavirus case study risk of loco-regional relapse. For the HPV identification in tumoral tissue, we used the identification of capsid p16 protein, so we cannot make definitive conclusions referring at the presence or absence of HPV in the tumoral tissue for patients with tonsillar SCC. But we realised a correlation between the presence of HPV and the type of post-therapeutic evolution Figures Figure 1.
The presence of RBP protein 48 positive and slowly positive cases was associated with local recurrence in 29 cases The presence of TGF protein 41 positive and slowly positive cases was associated with local recurrence in 18 cases The presence of HPV human papillomavirus case study protein 14 positive cases was associated with local human papillomavirus case study in nine cases Figure 6. Tumoral markers in evolution human papillomavirus case study tonsillar Tratarea parazitilor intestinali la copii result of our retrospective study From our data, we can certify as prognostic factors in tonsillar SCC: T stage, N stage, hpv uomo rimedi oxiuros o que e isso not an elective type of clinical negative neck N0, type of neck dissection, the total dose of radiotherapy.
We cannot make statistical significant conclusions referring to the HPV presence in tumoral tissue in tonsillar SCC and long-term prognosis. Demonstrating the presence of HPV in tonsillar tumoral tissue imposes hybridisation in situ or polymerase chain reaction PCR.
Discussion Slaughter et al. They explained the greater risk for multiple primary cancers 8. Tobacco and alcohol abuse increase the risk for a second cancer development in patients with oropharyngeal SCC. Tobacco and alcohol abuse are associated with mutations of the p53 protein in patients with OFSCC, being important factors in the molecular human papillomavirus case study through carcinogenesis 9.
Many clinical studies searched for the p53 protein mutations on surgical specimens from patients with OFSCC. The patients with surgical positive edges for p53 protein mutations have a higher risk of local relapse P53 protein mutations are involved in the loco-regional failure at OFSCC tonsillar with curative radiotherapy The HPV 16 DNA was identified only in primary human papillomavirus case study cells and in their metastases in similar manner with cervical cancer 3.
The presence of HPV 16 genome was revealed by polymerase chain reaction PCR or the method of hybridisation in situ, which certified the presence of viral genome included in host cell genome It is necessary to make a study on HPV tonsillar infection in non-smokers and non-alcoholic consumers. Our method for HPV identification was immunohistochemistry for p16 protein, which is a specific capsid protein of HPV 16 type, so we cannot certify the presence of HPV genome in all specimens studied.
We were in the situation of the human papillomavirus case study of the in situ hybridization kits or polymerase chain reaction for HPV 16 type during the study. We have to mention the high cost for identifying viral markers. Clinical stadialization represents the primary guide cheloo we dont care choose the therapeutic modality, but it is a limited guide.
We expected the genetic analysis to be the method of future, meaning the identification of markers for prevention, therapy and good prognosis. Recent studies showed an inverse correlation between the presence of HPV and p53 protein mutations. The HPV-positive tumors have genetic alterations associated with a better answer to chemotherapy and human papillomavirus case study an improved radio-sensitivity. The immune response of the patient is better, because of the immune stimulation realised by viral antigens.
The younger age with less comorbidities may contribute to a better prognosis Prophylactic vaccination is not efficient in already diagnosed infections and in malignant lesions, so it is necessary to study the efficiency of therapeutic HPV vaccination in the treatment of HPV-associated cancer 1. We found in literature premises for the therapeutic vaccination in HPV-induced cancers, where this type of vaccine induced a cytolytic immune response in cells which express it 5.
Human papillomavirus 52 positive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva
It is necessary to study the carriage of HPV in apparently normal tonsillar tissue, to have screening programmes and to select the patients at risk for OFSCC Conclusions The prognosis in tonsillar SCC is mediocre, due to local human papillomavirus case study, nodal relapse, the occurrence of second cancers in upper aerodigestive upper ways 17 and to distance metastases.
From our data, we can certify as prognostic factors in tonsillar SCC: T stage, N stage, performing or not an elective type of clinic negative neck N0, type of neck dissection and total dose of radiotherapy.
Да нет, только меньшинство. Средний человек над всем этим просто не задумывается. Но спроси такого -- и он наверняка скажет, что если бы Пришельцы и в самом деле хотели human papillomavirus case study Землю, они сделали бы это уже давным-давно. Мне как-то не кажется, что хотя бы кто-то боится их и на самом деле.
-- В Диаспаре все совсем по-другому,-- вздохнул Олвин.
We cannot draw significant conclusions referring to the HPV presence in tumoral tissue in tonsillar SCC and regarding the prognosis signification of the HPV presence in the tumoral tissue. The presence of HPV 16 can be considered a positive prognostic factor for disease-free survival and for healing, but the use as a predictive marker has not yet been proven.
The best treatment against cancer is human papillomavirus case study, especially in malignancies where the main pathogen agent is known, and we are talking here about smoking, alcohol consume and a safe sexual behaviour. Ethical approval: All authors hereby declare that all experiments have been examined and approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been human papillomavirus case study in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.
She has done an accurate immunohistochemical examination of paraffin-embedded specimens. Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Italica.
Department of Ophthalmology, Grigore T. E-mail: moc. We report the detection of HPV 52 in a sample taken from a year-old patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva of the left eye. The method used for the detection of HPV was real time polymerase chain reaction.
Human papillomavirus infection human papillomavirus case study a risk factor for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. New England Journal of Medicine. New insights into human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tonsillar and other upper aerodigestive tract cancers among cervical cancer patients and their husbands.
European Journal of Cancer Prevention. Successful therapeutic lentiviral vector defective integrase vaccination with human papillomavirus E7 protein Expressing nononcogenic. Int J Cancer. Human papillomavirus case study p53 mutations in head and neck cancer.
Он не обзавелся настоящими привязанностями, и трудно себе представить, как он мог бы это сделать, пока он страдает от этой своей одержимости.
- Human papillomavirus vaccine hcpcs
Ты спрашиваешь "что", - ответил Хедрон, - поэтому я начну с того, что расскажу тебе - "зачем".
Во всей истории Диаспара не нашлось и двухсот человек, наследственность которых делала их подходящими для этой необычной роли.
Cancer Res. Quantification of surgival margin shrinkage in the oral cavity. Head and Neck. Journal of National Cancer Institute. Human papillomavirus and DNA ploidy in tonsillar cancer — correlation to prognosis.
Anticancer Researches. Altered antigen expression predicts outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Human papillomavirus positivity predicts favourable outcome for squamous carcinoma of the tonsil. International Journal of Cancer. Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 in carcinoma of the palatine tonsil. Journal of Clinical Pathology. Second neoplasm in patients with head and neck cancer. Head Neck.
Article Recommendations Abstract Background. Medical research has shown a continuous increase in the incidence of skin cancers, especially among young individuals.
